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CRUTEM.5.1.0.0 (current version)

This page describes updates in CRUTEM5 version CRUTEM.5.1.0.0. Previous versions of CRUTEM5 can be found here. Data for CRUTEM.5.1.0.0 can be found here.

Additions to the CRUTEM5 station database in version CRUTEM.5.1.0.0

Regional or national updates to series already in CRUTEM

These are extensions to series that were already used in CRUTEM.5.0.2.0 and, in some cases, improvements to the homogeneity of the existing series that had been undertaken by the data source.

Region or Country	Number of series	Source	Details
Australia	112	BoM (ACORN2.5)	Updated series to 2024 and improved homogeneity.
Canada	434	Environment Canada	Updated series to 2024 and improved homogeneity.
Chile	314	Chilean Centre for Climate and Resilience Research	Updated series to 2021.
China	380	CMA	Updated series to 2023 and improved the consistency of 2019-2023 data with earlier data.
Denmark, Faroe Islands, Greenland	17	Danish Meteorological Institute	Updated series to 2020.
Iceland	127	Icelandic Meteorological Office and Trausti Jonsson	Updated series to 2020 and improved homogeneity.
New Zealand	7	NIWA	Updated series to 2021.
Russia	604	GHCN-Daily	Updated series to 2024.
Switzerland	13	MeteoSwiss	Updated series to 2020.
USA	1218	US HCN	Updated series to 2024 and minor improvements to homogeneity.

New acquisitions

These are series that had not previously been used in CRUTEM.5.0.2.0.

Region or Country	Number of series	Source	Details
Global	439	NCEI World Weather Records (WWR)	New series not previously in CRUTEM5.0 sdb.
Global	149	NCEI Monthly Climatological Data for the World (MCDW)	New series not previously in CRUTEM5.0 sdb.
Canada	346	Environment Canada	New, homogenised series not previously in CRUTEM5.0 sdb.
Germany	14	DWD	New series not previously in CRUTEM5.0 sdb.

Improved series

These are improvements (e.g. earlier extensions, gaps filled, improved homogeneity) to series that were already used in CRUTEM.5.0.2.0.

Region or Country	Number of series	Source	Details
Global	2618	NCEI World Weather Records (WWR)	Gaps filled, especially for 2011-2016.
France	49	MeteoFrance	Mostly post-1950 additions to existing series.
Germany	68	DWD	Replacements with improved completeness.
Switzerland	14	MeteoSwiss	Replacements with improved homogeneity.
Global	15	Multiple sources (papers, archives)	Maison St Louis, Jersey (1894-2019); Dublin, Ireland (1831-2025); Reading, UK (1908-2019); Perpignan, France (1836-2025); Bordeaux, France (1851-2025); Paris, France (1658-2019); Gorkij, Russia (1881-1989); Tenkodogo, Burkina Faso (1951-1991); Cucuta/Daza Airport, Colombia (1961-2025); Nassau, Bahamas (1811-2025); St Helena (1892-2025); Ascension (1923-2025); Armagh, UK (1796-2021); Tianjin, China (1890-2023); Antananarivo, Madagascar (1889-2024).

Updates from WMO CLIMAT messages

These are updates to any series now in the CRUTEM5.1 station database that also have data in the WMO's CLIMAT system, after quality control by the Met Office. The updates extend these series up to the most recent month for which CLIMAT contains data for each station.

Region or Country	Number of series	Source	Details
Global	2499	CLIMAT	Update series to 2025.

Effects on global, hemispheric and regional average time series

The following diagnostic plots show comparisons of global and regional average time series for CRUTEM.5.1.0.0 (this version) and CRUTEM.5.0.2.0 (the previous version of CRUTEM5).

Global series (NH+SH)/2

Hemispheric series

Tropics series (30S-30N)

Regional series

Acknowledgements

For this update of CRUTEM, the Climatic Research Unit was supported by the UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), a NERC collaborative centre, and by NERC through the SMURPHS project, grant NE/N006348/1.

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