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representation of these. Identifying leading order processes which may impact on future predictions of Arctic sea-ice cover. References Bordeau, G., B. Barnier, A-M, Treguier, T. Penduff, S. Gulev (2010), An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models. Ocean Modelling, vol. 31, p88-104. Murray, R. J. (1996), Explicit generation of orthogonal grids for ocean models. Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 126, p251-273.

Head 93 knots (107 mph) Culdrose 89 knots (103 mph) Herstmonceux 85 knots (98 mph) Vertical cross-section at 1200UTC on 25 January 1990 of the wind speed (knots) approximately along a line between Valentia (V), Camborne (C), Crawley (CR), Shoeburyness (S) and Hemsby (H). Daily weather extremes Highest

The model can predict multi-year El Niño events up to 18 months when initialized near a mature El Niño state (Nov 0 ), but underestimates Niño3.4 SST anomalies in the subsequent year (Nov +1 ). Composited temporal evolution of SST, 10m wind anomalies in the equatorial Pacific (5°S-5°N) for multi-year

severe for livestock. s of Air temperature at Lake Vyrnwy, Powys 15 March to 5 April 2013 Historical context The snow and low temperatures were unusual because they occurred so late in the year - in late March - and this was the most significant spell of snow and low temperatures at this time of year

, Hadley Centre Technical Note 107, Available from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/library-and-archive/publications/science/climate-sciencetechnical-notes Christidis, N., P. A. Stott, A. Scaife, A. Arribas, G. S. Jones, D. Copsey, J. R. Knight, and W. J. Tennant, 2013: A new HadGEM3-A based system

of interest only, and does not constitute official advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or completeness of information contained in this publication. All authors have contributed equally and are listed alphabetically. This work should be cited as: Carter, S

Technical Note 107, Available from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/library-and-archive/publications/science/climate-sciencetechnical-notes Christidis, N., P. A. Stott, A. Scaife, A. Arribas, G. S. Jones, D. Copsey, J. R. Knight, and W. J. Tennant, 2013: A new HadGEM3-A based system

effect of urban or forested areas. The speeds are in m/s (1 m/s = 1.94 knots = 2.24 mph). Why is the period 1961 to 1990 used for the long-term averages? The 30-year period 1961 to 1990 has been designated as the international standard reference period for climate change assessment by the World

attribution of extreme events, Hadley Centre Technical Note 107, Available from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/library-and-archive/publications/science/climate-sciencetechnical-notes Christidis, N., P. A. Stott, A. Scaife, A. Arribas, G. S. Jones, D. Copsey, J. R. Knight, and W. J. Tennant, 2013

ensembles for near real-time attribution of extreme events, Hadley Centre Technical Note 107, Available from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/library-and-archive/publications/science/climate-sciencetechnical-notes Christidis, N., P. A. Stott, A. Scaife, A. Arribas, G. S. Jones, D. Copsey, J. R