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commitment to ICAO Annex 3 (Meteorological Services for International Air Navigation) and the Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP) in terms of UK services, Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) services and World Area Forecast System (WAFS) services. These activities are intended to also serve

July 2019 Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Briefing Note Links between emissions pathways and time lags in Earth’s climate system Authors: Jason Lowe, Chris Jones, Rob Chadwick, Dan Bernie, Matt Palmer, Peter Good, Ailsa Barrow, Dan Williams Headline messages ‣ Lags of varying timescales exist

. What has changed is that users now have no problem with the concept of probabilistic scenarios and relative probability. Most of you have been using this sort of data in some way for at least five years. The questions we get asked are sophisticated and users are more aware of what they want, and why

January 2018 - Global temperature data from centres around the world show that 2017 was either the second or third warmest year on record.

it was influenced by El Niño or not. Figure 3 Differences from the long-term average of (left) zonal wind i.e wind speed along the equator, (centre) depth at which water temperature falls to 20°C and (right) sea-surface temperature across the Pacific between 5°S and 5°N. During El Niño events, the sea-surface

and coordination, and a range of technical assistance. The Met Office is a global centre of excellence in weather and climate science, and the United Kingdom's national weather service. The Met Office is a trusted and long-term partner of the UK Government, development agencies, developing country

restrictions in coastal waters; such as in the Moray Firth and Firth of Forth during prevailing westerly wind conditions. The Pentland Firth is also resolved by multiple cells in the model, although the addition of current information would be needed in order to properly represent wave growth and dissipation

Centre (24 hrs): [email protected] Tel: 0370 900 0100 Fax: 0370 900 5050 From outside the UK: Tel: +44 1392 885 680 Fax: +44 1392 885 681 www.metoffice.gov.uk Keep your eye out for the new Met Office Science Twitter feed: @MetOffice_Sci Download the FREE Met Office weather app /metoffice

EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2011 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE Thomas C. Peterson, Peter A. Stott and Stephanie Herring, Editors Using a variety of methodologies, six extreme events of the previous year are explained from a climate perspective. INTRODUCTION Peter A. Stott—Met Office Hadley Centre

temperatures in the tropical Atlantic before and during the rainy season. 1 The dynamical approach to seasonal forecasting uses numerical models of the Earth’s atmosphere and ocean initialised with current observations to forecast the months ahead. There are several centres around the world which perform

intervals. The main weather information provider in the country, Meteo Rwanda, partnered with a private phone company to transmit forecasts to farmers at least once a day. Iteganyagihe Ryacu (IR) aimed to build on this and other projects to ensure that farmers were always able to receive timely