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) and a sharp or rumbling sound (thunder). Thunderstorms are associated with convective clouds and are most often, but not necessarily, accompanied by precipitation at the ground. Cumulonimbus clouds (Latin: cumulus – heap; nimbus – rainy cloud) Heavy and dense cloud, of considerable vertical extent

and light winds—ideal conditions for radiational cooling. High pressure is firmly in control, keeping the weather settled and largely dry, but also allowing temperatures to drop sharply after dark. High pressure dominates: Dry, settled days for most For much of the week, high pressure will be the main

, and slightly below average in the Indian Ocean sector. Extent was slightly above average in the western Weddell Sea, the western Ross Sea and the Bellingshausen Sea (Figure 8). This pattern contrasts sharply with that observed during the exceptionally low sea ice period of June-September 2023, when

years in the satellite era with estimates of statistical significance overlaid. The figure demonstrates that for a long time Antarctic sea ice extent was characterised by gently, then sharply rising trends (left and centre of figure) but more recently by rapid decline (top right). The persistent low

across a year: Due to the relative distance of the Midlands from the sea, the annual average temperature range is relatively large. Sharp winter frosts are common and very hot days may also occur in summer. Winter mean daily minimum temperatures are below 0°C whilst summer mean daily maximum

, the reduction is even greater, up to two hours and forty minutes less daylight in parts of Scotland. As the nights draw in, clear skies will mean temperatures dip away more sharply. The weekend: Settled, but with local variation Looking ahead to the coming weekend, high pressure will once again be the dominant

of weather that the region experiences across a year: Due to the relative distance of the Midlands from the sea, the annual average temperature range is relatively large. Sharp winter frosts are common and very hot days may also occur in summer. Winter mean daily minimum temperatures are below 0°C

sharply defined. This transition zone or boundary is called a front. An air mass may cover several millions of square kilometres and extend vertically throughout the troposphere. Sources of an air mass The temperature of an air mass will depend largely on its point of origin and its subsequent

and troughs around the hemisphere, favouring a flat, strong Atlantic jet and a conveyor of lows towards the UK. A deepening Pacific low then forced an extra ripple, steering the jet sharply south there, then north over Canada, and downstream into a squeezed Atlantic trough. That “squeeze” helped

at this time of year, and the North Sea is only slightly cooler than it has been. As a result, temperatures are likely to return to average levels for November, rather than dropping sharply. READ MORE: How is temperature measured? Model ensembles suggest a gradual decline in temperatures, with the most