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that the pollution domes can also filter incoming solar radiation, thereby reducing the build up of heat during the day. At night, the dome may trap some of the heat from the day, so these domes might be reducing the sharp differences between urban and rural areas. • The relative absence of water in urban

, with some sunshine on the 20th, and a sharp frost in the south on the 21st, St Harmon (Powys) recording an overnight minimum of -6.9 °C. Early frost in the south on the 22nd led into another dry day, with a few cloud breaks in the east and south at times. The 23rd was cloudy. The 24th was cloudy and cold

of the coupled climate model. The black line represents observed conditions. In June 2007, neutral / weak La Niña conditions (anomalously cold SST in the tropical east Pacific, in contrast to the warm anomalies associated with El Niño) are evident. However, SST has been predicted to cool sharply by some

in the Ssese Islands, an archipelago of 63 inhabited islands with a population of about 70,000, found the marine forecast had helped to bring about a sharp fall in the number of people who had drowned in the year to May 2020. They reported a 40% reduction compared to the previous 12-month period

a traditional 5 inch rain gauge which had a sharp brass or steel rim of diameter 5 inches (127 mm), sited 30 cm above ground level with a funnel that collects rain in a narrow necked bottle placed in a removable can. Fig. 17. Traditional 5-inch rain gauge. Fig. 18. Rainfall return for Middlesbrough, 1878

characteristics (ROC), reliability diagrams and accompanying measure of sharpness, and mean square skill scores (MSSS) with associated decomposition. Estimates of statistical significance in the diagnostic scores are also included in the core SVS. The three diagnostics permit direct intercomparison

detectors are ideal and UK has experience (S24B telescope on HEOS-1, 1968-70, apogee 222,300 km). − Observed 2 solar proton events at > 360 MeV from same active region in Feb-March 1969 − 25 Feb 1969 event was well connected at 37W and showed sharp rise within 8 mins of X-ray maximum. Anisotropy was 40

winds could be, was brought into tragically sharp focus on the night of 24–25 March 1944. An allied bomber stream destined for Berlin which had been forecast to meet winds no stronger than 45mph was torn apart when it encountered winds in excess of 120mph resulting in the loss of 72 bombers. 2

. Tipping-bucket rain-gauge. • Storage rain-gauge Since the earliest years of weather records, the de facto standard for the measurement of daily rainfall has been the 0900 UTC reading made by an observer from a 5 inch storage rain-gauge. The gauge has a sharp brass or steel rim of diameter 5 inches

such as the Sahara and the Arabian. These hot deserts have little rain at any season and no real cold weather although temperatures drops sharply at night. Sand or rocks in direct sunlight will easily reach 60 to 70 °C (140 to 160 °F). But at night temperatures may drop to below freezing. • Warm