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. As it rises and cools, water vapour condenses to form clouds and perhaps precipitation. Consequently, the weather in a depression is often cloudy, wet and windy (with winds blowing in an anticlockwise direction around the depression). There are usually frontal systems associated with depressions. Figure

radiation signature emitted by the atmosphere or surface. It uses the fact that the radiation reaching the satellite will vary from wavelength to wavelength depending upon the temperature structure of the intervening atmosphere and the presence of any absorbing gases and clouds. The method

the key feedback mechanisms relevant to improved simulations of present-day climate and climate change. Key aims Improve our understanding of the physical basis for cloud and water vapour feedbacks. Improve the representation of clouds, water vapour and the Earth's radiation budget in the Met Office

models. • However there are a number of differences between global (GAL) and regional (RAL) configurations, most notably: Scheme GAL RAL Convection parametrization On Off Cloud fraction PC2 (Wilson et al., 2008) Bi-modal (Van Weverberg et al., 2021) Cloud microphysics Wilson and Ballard (1999) CASIM

weather and cloud from automated systems should be treated with caution due to the limitations of the sensors themselves and the spatial area sampled by the sensors. 2 Wind Wind direction/speed 31015G27KT 'three one zero degrees, fifteen knots, max twenty seven knots' Max only given if >= 10KT greater

Tuesday begins on a cloudy note across central and southern Britain, with occasional rain and drizzle. However, conditions are expected to improve as the day progresses, with the cloud clearing from the north and rain becoming confined to southern counties. Inland areas will see the low cloud

Aerosols, clouds and climate feedbacks in the Southern Ocean Highlights from New Zealand’s Deep South National Science Challenge Catherine Hardacre Laura Revell, Olaf Morgenstern, Yusuf Bhatti, Nick Edkins, Felix Goddard, Cameron McErlich, Abhi Venugopal, and Jonny Williams Seamless Modelling

While some areas will start off cloudy, particularly in the east, conditions are expected to improve as the days progress, offering ideal weather for outdoor events and activities. Saturday will begin with widespread cloud cover across Scotland, England, and eastern Wales, accompanied by hill fog

On Monday, cloud dominates the morning across northern and northeastern areas, bringing patches of drizzle. A central band of the country could see isolated showers, but as the day progresses, cloud cover breaks to reveal sunny spells. These brighter conditions are short-lived in some areas

Kwinten is a research scientist at the Met Office working on large-scale cloud parametrizations.

Areas of expertise Cloud parametrization Cloud microphysics Radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres Model evaluation Publications by Kwinten Current activities Kwinten is a visiting scientist within the Atmospheric Processes and Parametrizations team. Currently Kwinten investigates how to improve