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the 1991–2020 average, a significant margin in climate terms. While the final numbers will be confirmed in early January, the trend is clear: recent years are clustering at the top of the temperature rankings, with 2025 likely to join 2022, 2023, 2014, and 2024 as the five warmest years on record

; Arndt et al. 2010). This implies that more moisture is available to form precipitation in extreme events and to provide additional energy to further intensify such events. About two-thirds of locations globally with long, climate-quality instrumental records [e.g., as compiled in the Hadley Centre

are often asked if they ‘believe’ in climate change. For those at the Met Office Hadley Centre who have studied climate records, the evidence that human activity is changing our climate is overwhelming. ‘Climate change and CO 2 are clearly linked. And, as a major CO 2 producer, humankind

-existing health conditions. With climate change making heatwaves more frequent and intense, knowing how to stay cool and safe is more important than ever. UK temperature records: A changing climate The UK has experienced increasingly extreme temperatures in recent years. On 19 July 2022, the UK recorded

is already evident in the observed record. This has widespread and significant impacts. Extreme heat events do occur within natural climate variation due to changes in global weather patterns. However, the increase in the frequency, duration, and intensity of these events over recent decades

of heatwaves. For example, the summer of 2018 was the joint warmest on record for the UK as a whole and the hottest ever for England. The Met Office has shown that human-induced climate change made the 2018 record-breaking UK summer temperatures about 30 times more likely than it would have been

time; climate data from these stations also comes in straight after readings are taken. Climate observations from around 140 co-operating observers at manual climate stations are also received in slower time. All climate stations record daily maximum and minimum air temperature and rainfall amount

of the protection of life and property and the well-being of all nations, particularly those basic data and products required to describe and forecast weather and climate, and to support WMO programmes. Yet, ACMAD has not been able to access to the countries long-term climate records essential

of the weather, with generally below average rainfall during the month. This has helped prevent national figures from threatening any records.” Rainfall and climate change As the atmosphere warms due to human induced climate change it can hold more moisture, at a rate of around 7% more moisture for every