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century.  Science Advances,. 4, eaao5297 (2018). References England, M.H., S. McGregor, P. Spence, G. A. Meehl, A. Timmermann, W. Cai, A.S. Gupta, M. J. McPhaden, A. Purich and A. Santoso (2014). Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus, Nature

the solar wind in-situ The Parker spiral Image credit: I. Mueller-Wodarg There are different types of solar wind • Fast solar wind (v≈750km/s) comes from coronal holes • At solar minimum, polar coronal holes dominate flow – fast wind over the Sun’s poles • Slower (v≈400 km/s), denser (≈2x) and more

- - - Wet Bulb Freezing Level m AMSL Hourly to T+360 - - - Relative Humidity % Hourly to T+360 Three-hourly to T+360 - Local Midday / Midnight to Day 15 Mean Sea Level Pressure Pa Hourly to T+360 Three-hourly to T+360 - Local Midday / Midnight to Day 15 Wind Wind Speed m/s Hourly to T+360 Three-hourly

., Colle, B. A., Pfahl, S., Pinto, J. G., Quinting, J. F. & Seiler, C. (2019) The Future of Midlatitude Cyclones. Current Climate Change Reports, 5, 407-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-019-00149-4 Economou, T., Stephenson, D. B., Pinto, J. G., Shaffrey, L. C. & Zappa, G. (2015) Serial clustering

and chloroform emissions, together with ozone and hydrogen deposition have been characterised, leading to the estimation of methane emission rates for each event. The mean methane emission flux was found to be 400 ± 90 ng m - 2 s -1 . A strong seasonal cycle was found in the methane emission fluxes

is a scientific manager and joined the Met Office in 1985 after a PhD in fluid dynamics from Manchester University. A selection of our published work Manning, A. J., O'Doherty, S. J., Jones, A. R., Simmonds, P. G. & Derwent, R. G., Estimating UK methane and nitrous oxide emissions from 1990 to 2007 using

Over the past 10 years, meteorologists around the world have been increasingly tapping into data that is routinely communicated between aircraft and air-traffic control called Mode-S EHS.

with others to collect and share these data with our partners across Europe. Through a new intiative, this work will be expanded to capture much more weather data from aircraft flying in other parts of the world. We are working with Flightradar24, who already have a global network of MODE-S receivers

is a key for innovative science of Earth-directed CMEs • Towards L5 rather than L4 (CIRs and SEPs) • Science operations start after commissioning (~few months) • Earth-directed CMEs can be studied after S/C has drifted by ~ 20° towards L5 • L5 insertion after ~2 years operation Mission profile

Air Force SEON Network (Data Dissemination) (Program viability) 9 Current Operational Systems: GOES 13—15 • On-orbit spares. • Back-up ground stations. • 7 communications antennas! - 2 S-band dipole, 1 UHF, 2 L-band dipole, 1 omni, 1 S-band horn. • Continuous data transmission. • XRS data latency

development and plans for the next years. References [1] Brown A, Milton S, Cullen M, Golding B, Mitchell J, Shelly A (2012): Unified Modeling and Prediction of Weather and Climate: A 25-Year Journey. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 93. 1865–1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00018.1