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is needed to assess the mechanisms that control landfall in the US and their predictability on seasonal timescales. References iii (2011). The 2010 and 2011 Atlantic hurricane seasons. http://www.iii.org/facts_statistics/hurricanes.html Jarvinen, B. R., Neumann, C. J., Davis, M. A. S. (1984

Experiments 4.3.2.1 Model validation 7 Before using RCM models to investigate the future climate scenario, it is necessary to evaluate how well models represent the present climate. There are different options to validate the appropriateness of a model (s) to simulate local climate. In this research two

Ocean (Figure 3). Figure 3. Annual CO2 growth rate for years 1960 to 2023 and predicted for 2024 relative to the preceding year, vs. the Niño3.4 index for April of the preceding year to March of the current year. The Niño3.4 index is the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in region 5°N to 5°S

the cooling water no longer sinks and so it is possible to freeze the surface layer(s) of a freshwater lake or pond almost uniformly as a nice flat stable layer of ice (which floats because it is less dense than the water below). Freezing temperature versus temperature of maximum density for saline water

: Richardson, K., Doherty, A., Osborne, R., Mayhew, L., Lewis, K., Jobbins, G., Fox, C., Griffith, H. and El Taraboulsi-McCarthy, S. (2021) Climate Risk Report for the Middle East and North Africa region: Supplementary Document: Appendices, Met Office, ODI, FCDO. age 0 of 22 Appendix A: Methods

Gentle breeze Large wavelets. Crests begin to break. Foam of glassy appearance. Perhaps scattered white horses 9 4.3 7 to 10 3.4 to 5.4 Light S mooth 0.6 (1.0) 4 Moderate breeze Small waves, becoming longer, fairly frequent white horses 13 6.7 11 to 16 5.5 to 7.9 Moderate Slight 1.0 (1.5) 5 Fresh

and predicted for 2023 relative to the preceding year, vs. the Niño3.4 index for April of the preceding year to March of the current year. The Niño3.4 index is the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in region 5°N to 5°S and 170°W to 120°W in the Pacific Ocean, de-trended to remove the effect

science and modeling, essential for developing robust policies, DESNZ ensures energy security while advancing the UK’s sustainability goals.  In a recent blog we shared how we are supporting the energy sector better understand the energy needs for the 2030’s and beyond. Working with Ofgem, DESNZ

) 6.4°C on 1st at Fair Isle (Shetland, 57mAMSL) 14.0°C on 28th at Mumbles Head (West Glamorgan, 44mAMSL) -2.2°C on 2nd at Loch Glascarnoch (Ross & Cromarty, 269mAMSL) -6.0°C on 16th at Llangunllo, Cefnsuran (Powys (south), 310mAMSL) 43.6mm on 9th at Harestock S Wks (Hampshire, 51mAMSL) 16.2hr on 30th

@metoffice.gov.uk This report should be cited as: Kendon, M., McCarthy, M., Jevrejeva, S. and Legg, T. (2017): State of the UK Climate 2016, Met Office, Exeter, UK. This work was supported by the Joint UK BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). 4 Executive Summary Land