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, RTTOV, for assimilating satellite radiances. He also provided advice on the use of satellite data in the ERA-40 reanalysis. He now works at the Met Office at Exeter as part of the Satellite Applications section (which he led until 2017) with the aim of making better use of satellite data for NWP

and Ecosystems is the interactions between the atmospheric chemistry and the biosphere; through natural emissions of methane and volatile organic compounds, and through impacts of ozone and reactive nitrogen on plant growth and the carbon cycle. The gas-phase chemistry described here is intimately

Johnson et al. Are Changes in Atmospheric Circulation Important for Black Carbon Aerosol Impacts on Clouds, Precipitation, and Radiation? Harari et al. Influence of Arctic stratospheric ozone on surface climate in CCMI models Kelly et al. The roles of volatile organic compound deposition and oxidation

in organic matter trapped in the icy permafrost soils. When permafrost thaws the organic matter starts to decompose, releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane which increase global temperatures. It is estimated that there is more carbon contained in the frozen permafrost than

emitted from wetlands and artificially from fossil fuels and agriculture.  More complex molecules, such as volatile organic compounds, are also part of the carbon cycle, from both natural and artificial sources. The carbon cycle is mostly a closed system, so it doesn’t lose or receive carbon from space

Coleshill (Warwickshire) 96 7 Heathrow (Middlesex) 25 7 Impacts The BBC news links below show a selection of the impacts. Heathrow airport was affected and it is estimated that only 58% of their normal 1,300 flights operated on Sunday 5 February. In general when airports are affected by the snow

of land, for example for quite significant areas of agricultural land to be released and used for storing carbon. Building up soil carbon in organic matter is a good climate mitigation and net zero contributor, and higher organic matter in soils also stores more water which could be helpful