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for space weather • Near real-time verification is particularly useful in the operational environment • Current work: a space weather forecasting metric – monitoring overall progress in space weather forecasting Challenges in the way forward Some of the bigger challenges Solar / heliosphere: • Don’t know

Capability Weather and climate is big science, requiring large numbers of observations and data, large scale software and large-scale compute and storage. And so, the UK requires a weather and climate National Capability. The weather and climate National Capability encompasses the science and technology

of the SOCRATES radiation scheme and also gravity wave drag in the Unified Model. 4 Nowcasting is a technique used for very short-ranged forecasting (e.g. over the next 0-2 hours). 5 ‘Big data is high-volume, high-velocity and/or high-variety information assets that demand cost-effective, innovative forms

are correct then this suggests a big change in Atlantic Multi-Decadal Variability. This will be investigated in much more detail over the coming months and the implications for the climate of the UK and western Europe explored.   Similarly relative cooling in the north-east and south-east Pacific Ocean

of the country are likely to experience a technical heatwave. In this deep dive, we’ll explore the meteorological setup behind the heat, what to expect in the coming days, and how this ties into broader seasonal patterns. The big picture: High pressure takes control The story begins with the jet stream, which

.  Met Office’s Emily Carlisle explained: “The UK has a history of impactful storms stretching back hundreds of years, long before the introduction of named storms in 2015.  “One thing that is clear from observations is that there’s big variability year-to-year in the number and intensity of storms

things better? More and better observations • Number, accuracy, variety Bigger supercomputers • More expensive choices possible (e.g. model resolution) Better science • Clever people! • Partnerships • Seamless(?) EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS Global Mode-S aircraft data: • Large

Talks � � � � This talk – concentrates on large-scale three-dimensional (3-D) modelling (including MHD) and complementary techniques. Harrison and Davies talk – provides the context of L5 having been there already with the STEREO-B HIs and the bigger picture of visible-light heliospheric imaging

, this wet spell is chipping away at a bigger, year‑to‑date deficit rather than erasing it outright. UK‑wide cumulative rainfall has trailed the long‑term average for much of 2025, leaving a “gap” that recent downpours have only partly closed. Regionally, every area is still running a deficit when

................................................................................................................. 4 5. Annexe ...................................................................................................................... 8 © Crown copyright 2018, Met Office Page 1 of 10 Introduction Individuals make big things happen