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hour intervals (the inversions in the previous chapters relate to 3-hour air history maps). These show the air path for the last 13 days prior to reaching the station. The back runs thus provide the transport model, or dilution matrix D to the equation D e o ! = …(1) where e is the desired emission

, the ‘Understanding the Outlook’ text defines the different categories for temperature, precipitation and wind speed and shows the categories that were observed in the past 10 years. By knowing the years which fell into specific categories, it is possible to relate the outlook to operational experience. The ‘Shifts

ADDRESS (SO WE CAN SEND YOU THE OUTCOME STATEMENT TO CHECK) OUTCOME DESCRIPTION In one or two sentences, summarise a change in behaviour, relationships, activities, or actions that you know about, that relates to the work of the WISER project and/or its partners in your country. That is: who changed

and the caveats and limitations. We recommend that you read the UKCP18 Science Overview (Lowe et al, 2018) to understand how the results relate to the other components of the projections. For a comprehensive description of the underpinning science, evaluation and results see the UKCP18 Derived Projections report

) and described in the UKCP09 technical note on snow (Brown et al, 2010). This overestimation relates to the choice of threshold for converting snow fall flux (snowfall) or snow amount (lying snow) to days of falling/lying snow. This choice is subjective, and higher thresholds could easily be justified

the Central and South Asia region. Zone 1 relates to the Western Siberia (WSB) and West Central Asia (WCA) boxes, Zone 2 relates to the West Central Asia (WCA) box, Zone 3 relates to the Tibetan Plateau (TIB) box, Zone 4 relates to the Tibetan Plateau (TIB) and South Asia (SAS) boxes, and Zones 6-7

the actual use of forecasts (see for example Soares and Dessai, 2015 in Europe; Patt et al, 2005 in Zimbabwe). However, there is significantly more evidence for the potential use of seasonal forecasts. Such potential uses are often context-specific and relate to the specific concerns of different users

and these have been associated with temperature and precipitation differences from long-term average conditions. We highlight weather type 1 and weather type 2, which account for 43% of all winter days (for the period 1900-1999). They relate to the two phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO

Transformational change for WISER relates to the fundamental ways in which the uptake and use of WISER-supported WCIS can be further enhanced, to progress towards the programme’s longer-term goal of improving the resilience of community users and the adaptive capacity of countries in Africa

. This is to feed into results and learning from WISER through to the UK International Climate Finance. Transformational change for WISER relates to the fundamental ways in which the uptake and use of WISER supported WCIS can be further enhanced, to progress towards the programme’s longer-term goal