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that parameterizations need to be able to represent? A review paper on the grey zone of atmospheric turbulence by members of the Grey Zone Project community can be found here: R. Honnert, G. A. Efstathiou, R. J. Beare, J. Ito, A. Lock, R. Neggers, R. S. Plant, H. H. Shin, L. Tomassini, and B. Zhou (2020), The atmospheric boundary layer and the gray zone of turbulence: a critical review, J. Geophys. Res., 125, doi:10.1029/2019JD030317.

The short-lived hot period in the south and east is being replaced by a westerly airflow for the UK, bringing showers and some longer spells of rain for some in the coming days and a return to nearer-average temperatures for the time of year. Which day(s) will be dry this week? Find out

. During the 1960's with the advent of computers the Met Office was at the forefront in developing the first simple dispersion computer models. However, it was the Chernobyl incident in 1986 that triggered the start of the development around the world of sophisticated atmospheric dispersion models

of the UKCP09 probabilistic land scenarios, including comparison against IPCC CMIP5 multi-model simulations. Sexton, D.; Murphy, J.; Richardson, K.; Harris, G.; Brown, S.; Tinker, J (Met Office).; Karmalkar, A (University of Massachusetts). 2016 98 Meridional overturning circulations driven by surface wind

representation of these. Identifying leading order processes which may impact on future predictions of Arctic sea-ice cover. References Bordeau, G., B. Barnier, A-M, Treguier, T. Penduff, S. Gulev (2010), An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models. Ocean Modelling, vol. 31, p88-104. Murray, R. J. (1996), Explicit generation of orthogonal grids for ocean models. Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 126, p251-273.

, one in July and none at all in August, with the highest summer temperature, a modest 32.2°C, falling far short of 2022’s 40.3°C. This was provisionally the eighth warmest summer for the UK in the series from 1884. Of the UK’s top-ten warmest summers, summer 2023 was the wettest. While the rainfall

Head 93 knots (107 mph) Culdrose 89 knots (103 mph) Herstmonceux 85 knots (98 mph) Vertical cross-section at 1200UTC on 25 January 1990 of the wind speed (knots) approximately along a line between Valentia (V), Camborne (C), Crawley (CR), Shoeburyness (S) and Hemsby (H). Daily weather extremes Highest

Technical Note 107, Available from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/library-and-archive/publications/science/climate-sciencetechnical-notes Christidis, N., P. A. Stott, A. Scaife, A. Arribas, G. S. Jones, D. Copsey, J. R. Knight, and W. J. Tennant, 2013: A new HadGEM3-A based system

, Hadley Centre Technical Note 107, Available from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/library-and-archive/publications/science/climate-sciencetechnical-notes Christidis, N., P. A. Stott, A. Scaife, A. Arribas, G. S. Jones, D. Copsey, J. R. Knight, and W. J. Tennant, 2013: A new HadGEM3-A based system

The model can predict multi-year El Niño events up to 18 months when initialized near a mature El Niño state (Nov 0 ), but underestimates Niño3.4 SST anomalies in the subsequent year (Nov +1 ). Composited temporal evolution of SST, 10m wind anomalies in the equatorial Pacific (5°S-5°N) for multi-year