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of the types of weather that the region experiences across a year: The range of topography and altitude in North West England provides a varied climate, which includes both the coldest (Cross Fell) and wettest (Lakeland fells) locations in England. In low-lying areas where most urban areas are found

in Figure 2, examples of changes from UKCP Global that lie outside the 5-95% ranges of the Probabilistic Projections include: • In summer, CMIP5-9 shows one outcome projecting a slight cooling over England and Scotland, below the 5 th percentile of the Probabilistic Projections. In winter, CMIP5-9

experiences more cloudy, wet and windy weather than regions further east. Some upland areas experience harsh weather whilst coastal and lower lying areas enjoy more favourable conditions. Winter mean daily minimum temperatures vary from 0°C in high parts of north and mid-Wales to 3 or 4°C around the coast

at high altitude close to the Welsh border (Peak District exceeds 1000 mm per year), but much of the region is drier in the lee of the mountains (South and East Midlands as low as 600 mm per year). Snowfall across the Midlands is variable, from about 6 days of lying snow per year in the lower Severn

of the jet stream is also crucial in determining where the boundary lies between cooler air to the north and hot, humid air to the south. Looking ahead: Thunderstorm risk and heat on the horizon The forecast for the coming days remains finely balanced. A filament of the jet stream currently over Iberia

used in other regions. • Their value lies primarily in the process of starting conversations and encouraging dialogue, rather than as an end-product. Jack et al. (2020). Climate risk narratives: An iterative reflective process for co-producing and integrating climate knowledge. Climate Risk Management

billion and £34 billion. In other words, if for example, floods and 4 London Economics tested their overall figure of £30 billion NPV by conducting a sensitivity analysis of the non-weather assumptions in their analysis. They concluded that the net present value had a 90% chance of lying between £26

lies the jet stream – a fast-moving ribbon of air high in the atmosphere that strongly influences the UK’s weather. During the early part of the season, North America experienced repeated outbreaks of freezing conditions. These significant temperature contrasts between cold Arctic air and warmer air

reached around 50cm in places, making it the most significant accumulation in the region since December 2010. These events demonstrated that despite a warming climate, significant snowfall remains possible when wind direction, air mass and local geography align. Episodes of lying snow cause

. While comparisons with traditional numerical weather prediction continue, the panel emphasised that AI’s real value often lies in enabling entirely new applications that blend traditional and emerging technologies  Dr Niall Robinson, Product Lead for Weather and Climate, at NVIDIA, said: “What I