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School of Earth and Environment INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Total Column Vapour Bimodality in Pan-Tropical km-Scale Models James Bassford John Marsham, Ben Maybee, Doug Parker With thanks to Leeds Dynamics Group and Met Office RMED Distribution of Atmospheric Moisture 2 Distribution

This summer has been most notable across the UK for being wetter than average. Each of the three months have exceeded their long-term average rainfall totals in many areas. Broadly speaking, June was wettest in the north and July was wettest in the south. The rainfall has not been record breaking

, 17 and 25. For each start date hindcasts are run for 24 past years from 1993 to 2016. For each year and each start date 7 ensemble members are run. For each start date (e.g. 1 May) there is a total 24 years x 7 members = 168 hindcast ensemble members. The hindcasts can be used to calibrate

average rainfall for the month.  However, other UK nations were much closer to normal. The late torrential rain in Northern Ireland, particularly, brought its provisional rainfall total to 99% of the average. The dry spell was most prolonged in East Anglia and south-east England, where some places

by around 30 nights since the middle of the 20th century.   Coldest nights have become 4°C less cold than the beginning of the century and the warmest nights have become more than 0.5 °C warmer over the same period.   The increase in the total annual precipitation is over 50mm since the beginning

•For each individual core calculate •Diameter of area-equivalent circle •Mass Flux (total W) Then for the whole domain at each time, calculate: •Lx = mass-flux-weighted-mean diameter Core Size Distributions The size distributions for the 4 times is shown below, along with the values of Lx (dashed

-west Scotland, whereas a swathe from Cornwall all the way up to Aberdeenshire has been rather wet, with some places more than doubling their March average. Of course, a significant proportion of this precipitation fell as snow.   The map below compares monthly rainfall totals with typical March

without explicit data assimilation, but with improvements to the water and energy cycles model schemes at surface level (Muñoz-Sabater et al., 2021). The land-surface improvements do not directly benefit precipitation: in this case ERA5-Land total precipitation is based on the linear interpolation

feedback on warning services from our three main sectors. (b) making convective nowcasting data operational and 24/7 UK ‘Nowcasting’ surge resource. KPI 4 - Finance and environmental, social and governance FESG 4.1 Adjusted operating profit per budget baseline of £12.6m FESG 4.2 Total revenue per budget

of its financial targets for the year: Key performance indicators (KPI) Target (£m) Achieved (£m) Total revenue 256.7 258.7 KPI profit 4.6 5.8 KPI profit is adjusted for items judged as not being related to underlying performance: £m Reported operating profit 6.8 Adjustments Add back increase