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This is the message from the Department of Transport and the Met Office. Today (Monday 1 December 2025), on the first day of meteorological winter, the recent cold weather reminds us of the importance of preparing for winter hazards. But, with winters becoming wetter overall, hazards

for both methods throughout the melt season (Figure 4). This is likely because the immediate effect of the July Arctic Dipole was to cause an Arctic-wide drop in ice concentration, which did not feed through into ice extent until much later in the season. Figure 4. An evaluation of predictions of 2023

Summary Arctic sea ice extent for September 2024 was joint-4th lowest on record. Areas of moderately low ice extent were evenly spread over most of the Arctic, though a small area of isolated ice survived in the Chukchi Sea Summer Arctic weather was warm early in the season but cool later

, with regions named in the text labelled. Data are from HadISST1.2. Melt season review Summer 2021 was warmer than the 1981-2010 average, but substantially cooler than those of 2019 and 2020, which were successive record warm summers (Figure 3). The summer was consistently stormy throughout most

era, according to HadISST1.2, with linear trend indicated. Figure 2. Arctic sea ice extent in September 2020, compared to the record low year of 2012 and the 1981-2010 average, with regions named in the text labelled. Data are from HadISST1.2. Melt season review Summer 2020 was exceptionally warm

Summary Arctic sea ice extent for September 2025 was 5.23 million sq km according to the OSI SAF Sea Ice Index, well below the 1981-2010 average but among the higher September extents observed since 2007 Ice loss was above average early in the 2025 melt season, however this was mainly due

was notably, although not exceptionally, warm. Two very warm periods occurred early and late in the season, both of which corresponded with rapid sea ice loss. However, for the middle of the melting season conditions were cooler with near-average ice loss. Predictions of September 2022 sea ice tended