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of the atmosphere model to the surface model, where soil moisture has been shown to affect initiation. Much of the above is based on comparisons between model and observations for surface rainfall. It is possible that updrafts or clouds may compare better to observations and that the issue is related

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interlude, it turned wet almost everywhere by the 10th. Around mid-month there was a spell of warm, humid, showery weather with thunderstorms especially in central, western and southern areas, and persistent low cloud along the northeast coast. There was a hot sunny spell especially over England from

prescribed sea surface temperatures. It is recommended to base the simulations on the OSTIA sea surface temperature analysis, or a similar product. 8. Cloud droplet number concentrations Aerosol or CCN concentrations are not specified. We suggest, however, to fix the cloud droplet number

for much of England, especially the south-west, and also south Wales, but elsewhere cloud was more variable. The second half was generally more unsettled with frequent westerly and south-westerly winds, but with an exceptionally hot spell from the 22nd to 26th which saw record-breaking temperatures

. It became less settled from the 9th onwards, and on 13th/14th there were some large rainfall totals in upland areas of western/southern Scotland and north-west England. The middle part of the month saw generally larger cloud amounts, with spells of rain mainly for Scotland, but from around the 21st onwards

energy caused by wind shear) of turbulence which is used to show dynamic stability and the formation of turbulence. 1 [YYYYMMDD]T[hhmm]Z-PT[nnnn]H[mm]M-bulk_ richardson_number.nc 3-hourly (0-144) 6-hourly (150-168) Instantaneous cloud amount below 1000ft ASL Fraction of horizontal grid square occupied

energy caused by wind shear) of turbulence which is used to show dynamic stability and the formation of turbulence. 1 [YYYYMMDD]T[hhmm]Z-PT[nnnn]H[mm]M-bulk_ richardson_number.nc 3-hourly (0-144) 6-hourly (150- 168) Instantaneous cloud amount below 1000ft ASL Fraction of horizontal grid square

Anthony studies how electromagnetic radiation interacts with particulates suspended in the Earth's atmosphere with an emphasis on ice crystal clouds or cirrus.

Areas of expertise Electromagnetic and light scattering; Radiative transfer theory; Numerical methods; Cloudy satellite remote sensing; Cloud microphysics. Publications by Anthony Current activities Anthony is currently responsible for the development of models that predict ice crystal scattering

Anglia died out by lunchtime, with the cloud thinning and breaking through the afternoon. Most areas were frosty early on the 8th, then mostly sunny for a time, but cloud soon increased from the west, with rain reaching the southwest by mid-morning making slow and erratic progress eastwards