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climate change information benefits of 12.4:1 this lies at the topend of the studies quoted above. Whilst there are two studies exceeding 30:1, most of the studies identified lie in the range of 2: 1 to 14:1. Therefore, when comparing this study’s result it is necessary to consider whether
(83 members) along with its 10th and 90th percentiles (uncertainty bounds) in the projection time frame (1950–2098). For annual total precipitation and maximum 1-day precipitation, the two scenarios of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 have very similar pattern and boundaries. Observed total precipitation lies
change scenarios. • The projection ranges are based on the 5th to 95th percentiles of the underlying model distributions. There may be a greater than 10% chance that the real-world response lies outside the 5th to 9th percentile range and this likelihood cannot be accurately quantified. Substantial
with little choice but to settle in riskier places (Hallegatte, 2017; Dodman et al, 2022). Those include low-lying areas of the rapidly growing coastal cities of Pointe- Noir (R. Congo), Libreville (Gabon), Luanda and Lobito (Angola), Malabo (Equatorial Guinea) and Douala (Cameroon), threatened
retreat is a particular risk in Central Africa due to the profusion of low-lying sandy beaches; a 2018 study identified erosion hotspots in Gabon and Angola and two accretion hotspots in Angola/DRC (Luijendijk et al., 2018). 21 2022, Met Office Figure 3: Baseline climate for the Central Africa region
The distance of model time-series from the observations, outside of the baseline uncertainty, is a good measure of the quality of the current emission map and fully takes into account the allowable uncertainty at each observation time. Any modelled value that lies within the uncertainty
. This reflects on the structure of the resulting grids, shown in Figure 6. Figure 3 shows the total emissions and uncertainty, concentrating on UK, Ireland, Benelux, NWEU and EU27. There is very little difference between the ExpY2a and ExpY1 solutions, both lie within the uncertainty of the bottom-up
- PT03H Fractional relative humidity (ratio of the partial pressure of water vapour to the equilibrium vapour pressure of water) on pressure levels. Exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air, also called turbulent heat flux. Liquid water equivalent (lwe) depth of the snow lying
; negative is downward. W m-2 [YYYYMMDD]T[hhmm]Z-PT[nnnn]H[mm] M-sensible_heat_flux_at_surface.nc Hourly (0-54) 3-hourly (51-120) Instantaneous snow depth water equivalent Liquid water equivalent (LWE) depth of the snow lying on the surface (ground). Typically water is 10 times as dense as snow so
are considered during the socio-economic analysis e.g., the source of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers lies in Zone 2 (a climatologically distinct mountainous zone) whereas the discharge of these rivers is in Zone 1 (an arid desert climatological zone). In this case, it makes sense to conduct an upstream
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