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forecasts The story of NWP at the Met Office begins in the early 1950s, when pioneering scientists such as Fred H. Bushby and Mavis K. Hinds, under the guidance of John S. Sawyer, conducted the first experimental forecasts using the EDSAC computer at Cambridge. These early efforts, though limited

Stirling, Michael Whitall, Sally Lavender, Adrian Lock and Rachel Stratton cSINGV: A convective-scale coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model for Singapore - R. Kumar, C. Sanchez, J. M. Castillo, J. G. Lee, P. Patel, N. Z. H. Alvin, S. Berthou, K. Furtado, H. Zhang, D. Barker The Effects of Convection

. (2018). State of the UK Climate 2017: Supplementary report on Climate Extremes. 2 Kendon, M., McCarthy, M., Jevrejeva, S., Matthews, A., Sparks, T. and Garforth, J. (2020). State of the UK Climate 2019. International Journal of Climatology, 40(S1): 1–69. 3 House of Commons Environmental Audit

morphology • Vertical velocities within updrafts • Cold pool representation Colours show radar reflectivity, dashed contours are w > 4m/s (courtesy Liam Till, Thorwald Stein). CoMorph properties for scale-aware behaviour Mike Whitall • Implicit detrainment term gives smooth timestep behaviour

. Slightly milder on the 3rd with showery rain, sleet and snow mainly across the south and around the west coast, and St Athan (S Glamorgan) recorded 55 cm of lying snow. It was milder on the 4th but generally cloudy with rain, or sleet on higher ground. 5th to 15th Wet in the south and west

that lead to the mindset change required to redefine ‘business as usual’. ENDNOTES Gumucio, T., Hansen, J., Huyer, S., and Van Huysen, T. (2019) ‘Gender-responsive rural climate services: A review of the literature’. Climate and Development 12(3): 241–254. Gumucio, T. and Schwager, S. (n.d.) ‘Checklist

to CAA, and airspace users will be updated and further engaged prior to the final decision(s). These updates will be provided through either specific communication or through the annual Met Office User Forum. Volcanic Ash research, development and observations Volcanic Ash provides an ongoing threat

/JCLI-D-20-0089.1 Lowe, J.A., et al (2018) UKCP18 Science Overview Report. Available from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/collaboration/ukcp/guidance-science-reports McCaul, E. W., S. J. Goodman, K. M. LaCasse, and D. J. Cecil (2009) Forecasting lightning threat using cloud-resolving model

in this parcel of air is 11.0g per kilogram of air. It is usually denoted by the symbol X. X = 11.0g X S = 17.5g Figure 22. Finding the liquid water content of the air . � Relative humidity A similar construction could be drawn from the dry bulb temperature. The value found would then represent

with the full UK State of the Climate Report later in 2024, we take a look back at the moments that defined 2023’s weather. Our changing climate  With eight of the 12 months of the year warmer than average, 2023 will go down as one of the five warmest years on record for the UK, though the position