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-altitude aviation sectors, such as business jets. These forecasts include: Wind and temperature data at cruising altitudes Significant weather (SIGWX) charts, which highlight en-route hazards such as: Jet streams Turbulence Icing Cumulonimbus clouds Volcanic ash Tropical cyclones This information

by the dawn of instrumental meteorology. Further developments took place in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries leading to the foundation of the Met Office in 1854.  These pages will introduce you to some of the highlights of our rare book collection. De Negotio Naturali - Albertus Magnus, De Negotio Naturali (on Natural Business) c. 1290 On The Modification Of Clouds - Luke Howard, On the Modification of Clouds 1803

surface and by thermals, such as those rising from land as it is heated by the sun, but also thermals associated with clouds.  All this turbulence redistributes heat, moisture and the drag on the wind within the boundary layer, as well as pollutants and other constituents of the atmosphere.  In so

with sunny spells and patchy fair weather cloud, then continued for the rest of the day. Despite the sunshine it was a chilly day with a cool north-westerly wind. Data from Southampton Maximum Temperature/°C: 11.7 Minimum Temperature/°C: 4.4 Rainfall Amount/mm: 0.0 Sunshine Amount/hours: 7.7 General

) which we can drive around the screen with Driving the van to the volcano clouds on the right will collect the data (information). We can see where we have collected data as the boxes will have a border – red for dangerous concentrations of ash and blue for not dangerous. There is a score in the top

) impaction with the surface, (iii) washout where the pollutant is 'swept out' by falling precipitation, and (iv) "rainout" where the pollutant is absorbed directly into cloud droplets as they form. In addition each model 'particle' can have its own characteristics; for example particles can represent

around Europe. These sensors make it possible to pinpoint the location of the lightning. A lightning discharge may be a lightning strike, in which lightning passes between a cloud and the ground, or the passage of lightning between clouds but not to the ground. The map shows the location

between a cloud and the ground, or the passage of lightning between clouds but not to the ground. The map shows the location and the frequency of the lightning discharges over the previous 55 minutes. The scale uses graduated colours to show the length of time from the strike. A yellow circle

during SAWS relocation in May 2018 Work Package 1: Underpinning Science Development (cont.) Achievements so far: • A defrayment with Reading University delivered a multi-instrument climatology of clouds and convection, unique for South Africa, for the evaluation of NWP models for the timing

, possibly with embedded thunderstorms, across some southwestern parts. These will gradually break up into showers, persisting for much of the day. Most other regions will see variable cloud and a scattering of mainly light showers, with the chance of a moderate shower near southern coasts. Cloud and patchy