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As sea ice melts and sea level changes in the Arctic, new areas will be accessible and trade routes will open. Policy can be implemented to govern this. UK South-East Asia The UK invests in sea walls, flood barriers and levees to protect people and infrastructure from coastal flooding and erosion

for 2023 was the lowest on record. During the ice growth season from June-October, ice extent was exceptionally low for the time of year, reaching over 1 million square km below previous record lows and setting a new record low maximum extent by a very large margin. For much of the rest of the year

rely on the presence of sea ice, ranging from algae (2) to large mammals such as the polar bear (3) . The decline in Arctic sea ice cover will also have socioeconomic impacts and will likely lead to increased human activity in the Arctic owing to easier access for shipping, and longer ice-free seasons