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high-pressure systems to dominate, resulting in calmer, drier weather. What causes the jet stream? The jet stream exists mainly due to temperature contrasts between the equator and the poles. In the northern hemisphere, cold air lies to the north of the jet stream, while warmer air is to the south

level would have if starting at the wet bulb temperature, it was brought at a saturated adiabatic lapse rate, to the standard pressure of 1000hPa) on pressure levels. Liquid water equivalent (LWE) depth of the snow lying on the surface (ground). Typically, water is 10 times as dense as snow so

, over the Pennines, Cumbrian Hills, and more widely in Scotland, with up to 15cm falling over the Shetlands on the 7th. A cold easterly airstream together with lying snow allowed temperatures to fall to -10°C or below over Sutherland. The UK got a brief respite from the wet and windy weather between

of 40cm in some higher-lying Sheffield suburbs. There was also significant transport disruption with road closures and several thousand affected by power outages in Northern Ireland. A similar combination of road closures and local power outages affected parts of North Wales. After a battle between

Violent storm Exceptionally high waves (small and medium-sized ships might be for a time lost behind the waves). The sea is completely covered with long white patches of foam lying along the direction of the wind. Everywhere the edges of the wave crests are blown into froth. Visibility affected 60

), the ROC curve and the standardized area under the curve (such that perfect forecasts give an area of 1 and a curve lying along the diagonal gives 0.5) should be provided. For Level 2 information (gridded values), the standardized area under the ROC curve should be provided. 2.2 Reliability diagrams

2002. Year 2015 is ranked 16th and for the UK overall lies directly on the smoothed trend-line (Figure 4). Nevertheless, while year 2015 might be considered near normal in comparison to the most recent decade, it would still be a notably warm year compared to the first eight decades of the series

will increase the risks of flash flooding and environmental contamination in low-lying areas, especially those lacking adequate drainage and faecal waste management (3.3.4). Over 20 million urban residents are already 4 at high risk from flash floods, mainly in Viet Nam (10 million), Cambodia (4 million

will increase the risks of flash flooding and environmental contamination in low-lying areas, especially those lacking adequate drainage and faecal waste management (3.3.4). Over 20 million urban residents are already 4 at high risk from flash floods, mainly in Viet Nam (10 million), Cambodia (4 million

each meteorological element is ‘correct’. For example, an 80% score means the forecast is right 80% of the time. Green – March 2026 36-month score shows long term improvement in the accuracy of this parameter (exceeds March 2023 score). Amber – March 2026 36-month score lies within tolerance band