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is a body or ‘mass’ of air in which the horizontal gradients or changes in temperature and humidity are relatively slight. That is to say that the air making up the mass is very uniform in temperature and humidity. An air mass is separated from an adjacent body of air by a transition that may be more

criteria, IMD are now issuing PCR based forecast 2 nd week of May. • With dynamical models we could now start to provide up to 1 month ahead. It is very difficult to do at seasonal timescales and with limited skill. • Sreejith commented on Nepal and high mountain region challenges - on how challenging

must be solved every analysis time is very large (currently of order 100 million variables), which for the timely delivery of forecasts must be solved very efficiently. Tim has been heavily involved in devising and refining algorithms which do this. He has shown practically and theoretically how

was very wet over most of the UK, and this unsettled theme persisted for most of October and November. The jet stream regularly tracked further south than usual, meaning that much of England and Wales were wetter and duller than average for October and November, but parts of Scotland and Northern

% or more of the monthly average rainfall. Impacts The heavy rain, falling on already very wet ground, led to flooding disruption across Wales, Shropshire, Staffordshire and Manchester. A number of roads were blocked by flooding – including the A555 Manchester Airpoort relief road. Rail services were

mid-week.    Chief Meteorologist, Frank Saunders said, “As warmer air from the continent moves towards the UK from Wednesday, temperatures will climb into the mid to high 20s quite widely, even in parts of Scotland and Northern Ireland. By this stage, some places in England and Wales will very

somewhat drier weather pushed across South West England later in the day. There were widespread gales or severe gales across much of the country. Despite all the cloud and rain, temperatures were about average for early January generally and very mild across England and Wales. However, it was cold

districts it was a fine afternoon with some good spells of sunshine. Winds were generally light and from the northeast. It was a warm day across the country and very warm, locally hot across parts of South East England. Significant weather event Severe thunderstorms occurred at times on the 26th when

and most frequent across eastern areas. Showers or longer spells of rain continued into the evening across much of the country. Winds were generally light and from the southwest with temperatures about average for the time of year. Significant weather event A very intense fall of rain, accompanied

that collapse over the next 75 years is unlikely, the AMOC is very likely to weaken, which will present climate challenges for Europe and beyond.” Professor Watson, of the University of Exeter adds: “So the AMOC is not only controlled by conditions in the North Atlantic, but also what's happening at the other