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, has been recorded twice in 1958 and 1971. Yet January’s warmth contrasts sharply with its capacity for severe cold. The lowest UK January temperature on record was –27.2°C, logged at Braemar, Aberdeenshire, on 10 January 1982. In England, the lowest minimum was –26.1°C at Newport, Shropshire, also

, and slightly below average in the Indian Ocean sector. Extent was slightly above average in the western Weddell Sea, the western Ross Sea and the Bellingshausen Sea (Figure 8). This pattern contrasts sharply with that observed during the exceptionally low sea ice period of June-September 2023, when

sharp regional contrasts. While Scotland overall recorded below‑average rainfall, eastern Scotland was very wet, with 148% of average January rainfall, linked to the heavy rainfall event between 21 and 24 January. Western Scotland, by contrast, saw 80% of average rainfall, and northern Scotland

years in the satellite era with estimates of statistical significance overlaid. The figure demonstrates that for a long time Antarctic sea ice extent was characterised by gently, then sharply rising trends (left and centre of figure) but more recently by rapid decline (top right). The persistent low

, up to two hours and forty minutes less daylight in parts of Scotland. As the nights draw in, clear skies will mean temperatures dip away more sharply. The weekend: Settled, but with local variation Looking ahead to the coming weekend, high pressure will once again be the dominant feature, shifting

across a year: Due to the relative distance of the Midlands from the sea, the annual average temperature range is relatively large. Sharp winter frosts are common and very hot days may also occur in summer. Winter mean daily minimum temperatures are below 0°C whilst summer mean daily maximum

of weather that the region experiences across a year: Due to the relative distance of the Midlands from the sea, the annual average temperature range is relatively large. Sharp winter frosts are common and very hot days may also occur in summer. Winter mean daily minimum temperatures are below 0°C

sharply defined. This transition zone or boundary is called a front. An air mass may cover several millions of square kilometres and extend vertically throughout the troposphere. Sources of an air mass The temperature of an air mass will depend largely on its point of origin and its subsequent

, and the North Sea is only slightly cooler than it has been. As a result, temperatures are likely to return to average levels for November, rather than dropping sharply. READ MORE: How is temperature measured? Model ensembles suggest a gradual decline in temperatures, with the most noticeable cooling

around the hemisphere, favouring a flat, strong Atlantic jet and a conveyor of lows towards the UK. A deepening Pacific low then forced an extra ripple, steering the jet sharply south there, then north over Canada, and downstream into a squeezed Atlantic trough. That “squeeze” helped a cut‑off upper low