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energy caused by wind shear) of turbulence which is used to show dynamic stability and the formation of turbulence. 1 [YYYYMMDD]T[hhmm]Z-PT[nnnn]H[mm]M-bulk_ richardson_number.nc 3-hourly (0-144) 6-hourly (150-168) Instantaneous cloud amount below 1000ft ASL Fraction of horizontal grid square occupied

energy caused by wind shear) of turbulence which is used to show dynamic stability and the formation of turbulence. 1 [YYYYMMDD]T[hhmm]Z-PT[nnnn]H[mm]M-bulk_ richardson_number.nc 3-hourly (0-144) 6-hourly (150- 168) Instantaneous cloud amount below 1000ft ASL Fraction of horizontal grid square

Early cloud and rain across northern Scotland will gradually become confined to Shetland, allowing for brighter spells to develop elsewhere in the north. However, much of the UK will see a band of cloud and rain moving eastwards through the day, with the heaviest and most persistent rain affecting

easing and dying away through the evening. Chance of cloud-free hill tops above 800m: Near nil. Low Cloud and visibility: Generally cloud heights will be around 800 metres, but during showers or rain they may dip to 500-600m at times. Visibility will be mostly good, but will fall to poor or very poor

Anthony studies how electromagnetic radiation interacts with particulates suspended in the Earth's atmosphere with an emphasis on ice crystal clouds or cirrus.

Areas of expertise Electromagnetic and light scattering; Radiative transfer theory; Numerical methods; Cloudy satellite remote sensing; Cloud microphysics. Publications by Anthony Current activities Anthony is currently responsible for the development of models that predict ice crystal scattering

were the 4th highest for August in a series from 1919, with 132% of average. 1st to 4th Cloud over the Midlands and south-east cleared away to leave sunshine for all for a time on the 1st, but cloud increased with rain, occasionally heavy, spreading from the west into central and northern areas from

Anglia died out by lunchtime, with the cloud thinning and breaking through the afternoon. Most areas were frosty early on the 8th, then mostly sunny for a time, but cloud soon increased from the west, with rain reaching the southwest by mid-morning making slow and erratic progress eastwards

Areas of expertise Clouds, water vapour and radiation. Use of satellite data for climate studies. Climate model development and evaluation. Current activities Mark manages the Climate sensitivity and feedbacks group which is part of Understanding Climate Change. The team seeks to understand

of the properties of convective clouds have been made by international field studies, such BOMEX, RICO, TOGA-COARE and TWP-ICE.  But it is challenging to get enough detail from these data to study the small-scale processes often responsible for initiating convection.  Further insight can be gained

Convection WG Overview Model Issues Timing of convective initiation Spatial structure of convection Methods Robustness Rainfall amounts Elevated Convection Observations Rain (radar + satellite) Profiles (aircraft + sondes) Cloud (radar + satellite) Amounts, distribution, cell statistics etc