Weather impacts every aspect of life, but some environments demand more than a standard forecast.
At the Met Office, we provide specialist forecasts designed to keep people safe and informed in challenging conditions – whether you’re navigating coastal waters, climbing a mountain, or monitoring solar activity.
These forecasts combine cutting-edge science with practical advice, ensuring that those who rely on accurate information can plan with confidence.
Coast and sea forecasts: Supporting safety at sea
The UK’s maritime environment is dynamic and often hazardous. For those at sea, conditions can change rapidly, and accurate forecasts are essential for safety. Our coast and sea forecasts include a range of services tailored to different needs:
- Shipping forecast and gale warnings
Issued four times daily, the shipping forecast is a cornerstone of maritime safety. Covering 31 sea areas around the British Isles, it provides details on wind speed and direction, sea state, weather and visibility. Gale warnings are highlighted to alert mariners to dangerous conditions, helping them make informed decisions before setting sail. - High seas forecast and storm warnings
For vessels operating further offshore, our high seas forecasts offer a broader view of conditions across the North Atlantic and adjacent waters. These forecasts include warnings for storm-force winds, ensuring that ocean-going ships can plan routes to avoid severe weather. - Inshore waters forecast
Coastal waters up to 12 miles offshore present unique challenges for smaller craft. Our inshore waters forecasts provide detailed information on wind, sea state and visibility for specific stretches of coastline. These forecasts are updated regularly to reflect changing conditions, helping leisure sailors and professional crews stay safe. - Extended outlook
For those planning longer voyages, the extended outlook offers a three- to five-day view of expected conditions. While less detailed than short-term forecasts, it provides valuable guidance on trends such as developing low-pressure systems or periods of strong winds.
Behind these services lies a wealth of science and operational expertise. Our ocean forecasting models, such as FOAM (Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model), integrate real-world observations with advanced simulations to predict sea-surface temperatures, wave heights and currents. This capability supports not only mariners but also coastal flood warnings, emergency response and environmental monitoring.
READ MORE: Marine observations: Underpinning forecasts and climate understanding
Mountain weather forecasts: Essential guidance for outdoor safety
Mountains are beautiful but unforgiving. Conditions at altitude can differ dramatically from those in surrounding lowlands, and they can change in minutes. Our mountain weather forecasts are designed for walkers, climbers and outdoor enthusiasts, providing detailed information for ten upland regions across the UK, including the Lake District, Eryri and the Scottish Highlands.
Each forecast includes:
- Daily updates
Issued twice daily, forecasts cover the evening period, the next two full days and a brief outlook for the following three days. They detail temperature, wind speed, precipitation and cloud cover, along with sunrise and sunset times. - Hazard warnings
Mountain-specific hazards such as poor visibility, severe wind chill, heavy rain and thunderstorms are highlighted. These warnings reflect conditions at or above 300 metres, where weather can be significantly harsher than in valleys. - Practical advice
Our forecasts are complemented by safety guidance. We encourage all visitors to the hills to follow the AdventureSmart principles: check the forecast, carry appropriate gear and know your limits. In winter, avalanche risk should also be considered, and specialist reports consulted where available.
By providing clear, accessible information, we aim to reduce the risks associated with mountain activities. Whether you’re planning a day hike or a multi-day expedition, checking the forecast is a vital step in preparation.
Space weather forecasts: Monitoring the Sun’s influence
Beyond Earth’s atmosphere, space weather poses unique challenges. Solar activity – including flares, coronal mass ejections and high-speed solar wind streams – can disrupt satellite operations, radio communications, navigation systems and even power grids. Our Space Weather Operations Centre delivers forecasts and alerts to help mitigate these risks.
Key elements of our space weather service include:
- Daily forecasts
We provide plain-language summaries of current and expected conditions, alongside technical updates for industry users. These cover solar activity levels, geomagnetic storm potential and radiation hazards. - Aurora predictions
For those hoping to see the northern lights, our aurora forecasts indicate when geomagnetic activity may make displays visible from the UK. While primarily a scientific service, this feature is popular with the public and photographers alike. - Sector-specific alerts
Industries such as aviation, energy and satellite communications receive tailored notifications to support operational decision-making. These alerts help minimise disruption and protect critical infrastructure.
Space weather forecasting relies on global collaboration and advanced modelling. By analysing solar imagery, particle data and magnetic field measurements, we can anticipate events that might affect Earth and provide timely warnings.
READ MORE: Space weather: How different types affect us
Why specialist forecasts matter
Specialist forecasts are more than an extension of our standard services – they are a lifeline for those operating in high-risk environments. From mariners navigating stormy seas to climbers tackling exposed ridges, and engineers safeguarding satellites, accurate information underpins safety and resilience.
Our commitment to science ensures these forecasts are based on the best available data and models. But their true value lies in accessibility: clear, actionable guidance that empowers users to make informed choices.
Keep up to date with weather warnings, and you can find the latest forecast on our website, on YouTube, by following us on X and Facebook, as well as on our mobile app which is available for iPhone from the App store and for Android from the Google Play store.
