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characteristics (ROC), reliability diagrams and accompanying measure of sharpness, and mean square skill scores (MSSS) with associated decomposition. Estimates of statistical significance in the diagnostic scores are also included in the core SVS. The three diagnostics permit direct intercomparison

detectors are ideal and UK has experience (S24B telescope on HEOS-1, 1968-70, apogee 222,300 km). − Observed 2 solar proton events at > 360 MeV from same active region in Feb-March 1969 − 25 Feb 1969 event was well connected at 37W and showed sharp rise within 8 mins of X-ray maximum. Anisotropy was 40

winds could be, was brought into tragically sharp focus on the night of 24–25 March 1944. An allied bomber stream destined for Berlin which had been forecast to meet winds no stronger than 45mph was torn apart when it encountered winds in excess of 120mph resulting in the loss of 72 bombers. 2

. Since the roads are unpaved, they become extremely muddy and difficult to walk on. Additionally, many roads are uneven and contain sharp stones, which become hidden under floodwaters, making them particularly hazardous for people with mobility impairments. Despite these challenges, many residents

and Roberts ( 2009 ) found that increases in temperature up to 30°C gradually increased yield of soybean but temperatures beyond 30C resulted in a sharp decline in soybean yield. In E Africa, 80% of the bean- producing area has a mean annual temperature of 15–23°C, which is below the threshold

. Tipping-bucket rain-gauge. • Storage rain-gauge Since the earliest years of weather records, the de facto standard for the measurement of daily rainfall has been the 0900 UTC reading made by an observer from a 5 inch storage rain-gauge. The gauge has a sharp brass or steel rim of diameter 5 inches

such as the Sahara and the Arabian. These hot deserts have little rain at any season and no real cold weather although temperatures drops sharply at night. Sand or rocks in direct sunlight will easily reach 60 to 70 °C (140 to 160 °F). But at night temperatures may drop to below freezing. • Warm

for the measurement of daily rainfall has been the 0900 UTC reading made by an observer from a 5 inch storage rain-gauge. The gauge has a sharp brass or steel rim of diameter 5 inches (127 mm), sited 30 cm above ground level with a funnel that collects rain in a narrow necked bottle placed

-dimensional data assimilation. All this means more accurate, detailed forecasts, and enables new products and improvements that will support our partners and stimulate growth. The sharp focus on turning science into practical services is fundamental to the Met Office, and we’re extending

(con) Detached clouds, generally dense and with sharp outlines, developing vertically in the form of rising mounds, domes or towers, of which the bulging upper part often resembles a cauliflower. The sunlit parts of these clouds are mostly brilliant white; their base is relatively dark and nearly